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市场份额责任规则来自于美国侵权法,是美国法院在乙烯雌酚药品系列案件(以下简称DES药品案)审判过程中确立并发展的规则。因此,对DES药品案进行探讨成为研究市场份额责任规则的前提。在DES药品案中,受害人面临的最大难题是无法确证致害DES药品的实际生产企业,进而无法满足对侵权责任构成要件中因果关系要件的证明。市场份额责任规则是对传统侵权法的一次重大变革,是法律对于社会发展的积极回应。在我国的社会经济发展过程中已经出现了与美国DES药品事件类似的诸多大规模产品侵权事件,譬如龙胆泻肝丸事件、三聚氰胺奶粉事件等。虽然现阶段我国对这些事件的处理以行政力量为主导,但是,随着社会法治程度的深化以及民众权利意识的提高,司法救济应该成为解决大规模产品侵权问题的重要方式。尽管我国现行侵权法体系中的共同危险责任规则与市场份额责任规则有很大的相似性,但仍无法代替市场份额责任规则而发挥作用。美国侵权法中的市场份额责任规则对我国具有重大的借鉴意义。我国侵权立法有必要引入市场份额责任规则,借此完善我国的现代侵权法体系;并通过司法实践的配合,为大规模产品侵权事件的受害人提供法律救济,充分发挥市场份额责任规则的功用。
The market share liability rules come from the US Tort Law, which is the rule established and developed by the U.S. courts in the trial of the series of diethylstilbestrol drugs (hereinafter referred to as the DES drug case). Therefore, to explore the case of DES drugs research market share liability rules prerequisite. In the case of DES drugs, the biggest challenge facing victims is the actual manufacturer that can not be sure of causing DES drugs, thus failing to meet the proof of the causal relationship elements in the components of tort liability. The market share liability rule is a major change to the traditional tort law and a positive response to the law for social development. In the process of social and economic development in our country, there have been many large-scale product infringement events similar to the DES drug in the United States, such as the Longdan Xiegan Pill incident and the melamine milk powder incident. Although the handling of these incidents in our country is dominated by administrative forces, with the deepening of the degree of social rule of law and the raising awareness of people’s rights, judicial remedies should become an important way to solve the problem of mass infringement of products. Although the common dangerous liability rules in China’s current tort law system have very similarities with the market share liability rules, they still can not replace the market share liability rules. The United States Tort Law in the market share responsibility rules for our country has a significant reference. It is necessary for China’s infringement legislation to introduce market share liability rules to improve China’s modern tort law system. Through judicial cooperation, legal remedies are provided to victims of large-scale product infringement and the functions of the market share responsibility rules are given full play.