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目的探讨宁德市伤寒流行病学特征,为制定防制措施提供依据。方法采用描述性流行病学方法,对宁德市1990—2012年法定传染病报告中伤寒疫情资料进行分析。结果宁德市23年间伤寒累计发病4 247例,死亡2例,年均发病率6.37/10万(1.52/10万至17.02/10万)。1990—1999年局部暴发与散发并存,发病曲线呈春季单峰型;2000—2012年主要为散发,疫情逐年下降,发病高峰消失。4个沿海县市年均发病率(9.14/10万)远比5个山区县(1.16/10万)高;20~39岁为好发年龄(51.0%),发病人群以农民居多(28.9%),男性多于女性(1.25∶1)。结论宁德市伤寒疫情呈下降趋势,但仍存在暴发隐患,应加强疫情监测,落实综合性防治措施,控制和减少疫情的发生。
Objective To explore the epidemiological characteristics of typhoid fever in Ningde City and provide the basis for making prevention and control measures. Methods Descriptive epidemiological methods were used to analyze the typhoid epidemic data in the report of notifiable diseases in Ningde from 1990 to 2012. Results There were 4 247 cases of typhoid fever and 2 deaths in Ningde City with an average annual incidence of 6.37 / 100000 (1.52 / 100000 to 17.02 / 100000). Between 1990 and 1999, local outbreaks and exudes coexisted, and the incidence curve showed a spring monomodal pattern. From 2000 to 2012, it mainly distributed and the epidemic decreased year by year, with the peak incidence disappearing. The average annual incidence of the four coastal counties (9.14 / 100000) was much higher than that of the five mountain counties (1.16 / 100000) ), More men than women (1.25: 1). Conclusion The epidemic situation of typhoid fever in Ningde City shows a downward trend, but there are still hidden risks of outbreaks. Surveillance of the epidemic situation should be strengthened and comprehensive prevention and control measures should be implemented to control and reduce the outbreak.