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目的 探讨血清S100B蛋白浓度与首发未服用抗精神病药的精神分裂症患者精神病理症状间的关系.方法 采用酶联免疫(ELISA)方法 检测64例首发未服用抗精神病药精神分裂症患者和66名正常对照的血清S100B蛋白浓度,比较2组间的差异;采用阳性和阴性症状量表(PANSS)评定精神病理症状,分析血清S100B蛋白浓度与PANSS评分、患者年龄、发病年龄、病程间的关系.结果 ①患者组血清S100B浓度明显高于对照组,筹异有统计学意义[(0.27±0.13)μg/L vs(0.11±0.04)μg/L,t=10.89,P＜0.001];②患者组中偏执型、瓦解型、未分化型、残留型4个亚组间血清S100B浓度的差异有统计学意义(F=4.63,P=0.006),残留型组明显高于偏执型组(P=0.001)、瓦解型组(P=0.012);且各亚型组均明显高于对照组(P＜0.001).③患者组血清S100B浓度与年龄、总病程、PANSS总分及其阴性症状因子分相关(r为0.36、0.46、0.42、-0.38,P均小于0.005).结论 首发未服药的精神分裂症患者血清S100B浓度升高,并与某些病理症状尤其是阴性症状关联,在一定程度上可反映疾病严重程度.“,”Objective To investigate the correlation of the serum S100B protein levels with psychopathological symptoms in first-episode medication-free patients with schizophrenia. Methods The serum S100B protein levels in 64 first-episode medication-free schizophrenic patients (schizophrenic group) and 66 healthy volunteers (control group) were examined by enzyme-linked immuno-sorbent assay (ELSIA). Psychopathological symptoms were assessed by using the Positive and Negative Symptom Scale(PANSS) , the relationship of the serum S100B levels and the PANSS scores were analyzed in schizophrenic group. Results ①The serum S100B levels in schizophrenic group(0.27±0.13)μg/L were significantly higher than those of the control group(0.11±0.04) μg/L(P ＜0.001) ; ②Significant differences were found among four sub-groups in schizophrenics(F=4.63, P=0.006) , the serum S100B levels of the patients with residential sub-type were significantly higher than those of the patients with paranoid(P=0.001) and disorganized(P=0.012) ; Moreover, the serum S100B levels four sub-types group were significantly higher than those of the control group(P＜0.001) ③The serum S100B levels markedly correlated with age, ill duration and negative and total score of the PANSS(all P ＜0.005)in schizophrenic group. Conclusions The serum S100B protein levels in first-episode medication-free patients with schizophrenia are increased, and correlated with psychopathological symptoms which indicate that serum S100B protein level might reflect the rnseverity of schizophrenia in some degree.