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司法体制在国家纵向权力安排中具有重要的作用,但还没有引起足够重视。一个国家宪政框架中的权力结构存在线性式、宝塔式和网络式三种理论模式。联邦制的国家结构形式具有典型的网络式结构特征。联邦制和司法权在联邦制国家的权力结构中形成了立体宪政结构。联邦制中的司法权结构模式可以分为美国模式的“双轨交叉式”结构和德国模式的“多支汇总式”结构。这些对中国解决“司法权地方化”问题的司法体制改革,具有重要的借鉴意义。
The judicial system plays an important role in the national vertical power arrangement, but it has not given enough attention. The power structure in a country’s constitutional framework exists in three modes: linear, pagoda and network. The federal structure of the state structure has a typical network structure. Federal and judicial powers formed a three-dimensional constitutional structure in the power structure of federal states. The structure of judicial power in the federal system can be divided into a “double-track cross” structure of the U.S. model and a “multi-manifold” structure of the German model. These are of great significance to China in its reform of the judicial system to resolve the issue of “localization of judicial power.”