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目的了解2014年郴州市4~7岁儿童的身体发育的基本规律,进而为促进儿童的健康成长提供指导。方法随机抽取郴州市21所县城幼儿园、13所小学的632例4~7岁儿童作为研究对象,对这些儿童的身高、体重进行测量。将我国2009年9月颁布的7岁以下儿童生长发育标准作为参考,计算身体质量指数(BMI)以对这些儿童的身体发育情况进行评价。结果 4~7岁儿童的身高、体重随着年龄的增长逐渐增加,各年龄段差异对比具有统计学意义(P<0.05)。其中4~6.5岁儿童平均身高均高于参考值,但差异无统计学意义(P>0.05),而6.5~7岁儿童平均身高略低于参考值,差异无统计学意义(P>0.05)。各年龄段儿童的平均体重均略高于参考值,差异无统计学意义(P>0.05)。BMI指数在正常范围内的比例占62.5%,严重消瘦者占4.43%,营养不良者占到11.88%,超重者占到13.92%,肥胖者占到7.28%。结论郴州市4~7岁儿童总体发育情况较好,但女童营养不良与严重消瘦人数较多,男童超重人数较多,建议合理调整膳食并加强锻炼。
Objective To understand the basic rules of physical development of 4-7-year-old children in Chenzhou City in 2014, and to provide guidance for promoting the healthy growth of children. Methods A total of 632 children aged 4-7 in 13 primary schools in 21 counties of Chenzhou City were selected as research subjects to measure the height and weight of these children. According to the standard of growth and development of children under 7 years of age promulgated in China in September 2009, the BMI was calculated to evaluate the physical development of these children. Results The height and weight of 4 ~ 7 years old children increased gradually with the increase of age, and the differences among all age groups were statistically significant (P <0.05). The average height of children aged from 4 to 6.5 years were higher than the reference value, but the difference was not statistically significant (P> 0.05), while the average height of children aged 6.5-7 years was slightly lower than the reference value, the difference was not statistically significant (P> 0.05) . The average body weight of children of all ages were slightly higher than the reference value, the difference was not statistically significant (P> 0.05). BMI index accounted for 62.5% of the normal range, severe weight loss accounted for 4.43%, malnutrition accounted for 11.88%, overweight accounted for 13.92%, obese accounted for 7.28%. Conclusion The overall development of children aged 4-7 years in Chenzhou is good, but the number of girls with malnutrition and severe weight loss is relatively high, and the number of boys is overweight. It is advisable to adjust the diet and exercise accordingly.