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目的了解麻疹流行病学特征,为制定控制麻疹策略提供科学依据。方法收集深圳市西部某街道2010-2014年麻疹发病资料进行描述性流行病学分析。结果 2010-2014年麻疹病例共193例,年均发病率分别为0.5/10万、0.5/10万、1.1/10万、7.7/10万14.8/10万,各年麻疹发病率差异有统计学意义(χ2=94.949,P<0.05);易感人群以2岁以下儿童和成人为主,占44.0%(85/193)与33.2%(64/193);其中散居儿童占63.2%,工人占18.7%;主要为外省户籍,占79.8%;有麻疹免疫史的仅占7.8%,适龄儿童免疫空白主要是因生病而耽误疫苗接种,占34.2%,其次是家长(或监护人)对于预防接种的行为意识淡薄,占21.5%。结论 2010-2014年麻疹的发病率有所上升,重点关注易感人群防控工作,尽力消除免疫空白人群,降低麻疹发病率。
Objective To understand the epidemiological characteristics of measles and provide scientific evidence for the development of measles control strategies. Methods The epidemiological analysis of measles from 2010 to 2014 in a street in western Shenzhen was conducted. Results A total of 193 cases of measles were collected from 2010 to 2014 with an average annual incidence of 0.5 / 100,000, 0.5 / 100,000, 1.1 / 100,000 and 7.7 / 10, 14.8 / 100 000 respectively. The incidences of measles in each year were statistically different (Χ2 = 94.949, P <0.05). The susceptible population was mainly children under 2 years old and adults, accounting for 44.0% (85/193) and 33.2% (64/193), of which, scattered children accounted for 63.2% Accounting for 79.8%; only 7.8% had history of measles immunization; immunization blank of school-age children mainly delayed the vaccination due to illness, accounting for 34.2%; followed by parents (or guardians) for vaccination Behavioral awareness is weak, accounting for 21.5%. Conclusion The incidence of measles increased from 2010 to 2014, with a focus on the prevention and control of susceptible populations, efforts to eliminate immunized people and reduce the incidence of measles.