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在美国和日本头孢菌素是住院病人最常用的一类抗生素,而欧洲则倾向选用青霉素类和氨基甙类,最近又增加了咪唑类药物。医学教科书上很少将头孢菌素作为治疗疾病的首选药,而将之看作是青霉素类、氨基甙类,甚至是氯霉素的替代品。在美国,由于腹部和盆腔手术,以及某些植入异体的心脏和矫形手术后大量预防性用药,所以其临床实际应用量远比推荐者为多。现将其有关临床应用情况分述于下。
Cephalosporins are the most commonly used class of antibiotics in inpatients in the United States and Japan, while in Europe they prefer penicillins and aminoglycosides and have recently added imidazoles. Cephalosporins are rarely used in medical textbooks as first-line drugs for the treatment of disease, but as penicillins, aminoglycosides and even chloramphenicol alternatives. In the United States, due to abdominal and pelvic surgery, as well as a number of implantable heart and orthopedic surgery after a large number of preventive medication, so its clinical practical application far more than recommended. Now its clinical application of the following points.