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一年生野生大豆(Glycine soja)是栽培大豆(G.max)的近缘祖先种,其地理分布限于亚洲东部,包括俄罗斯、日本、朝鲜和中国。1978年,吉林省农业科学院在全国率先开展了野生大豆考察,搜集资源800份,在我国大豆界引起巨大的反响。1979-1980年,我国开展了全国性的野生大豆资源考察,从25个省区搜集资源5000余份。到目前为止,已搜集到野生大豆资源6000余份,占世界总数的90％以上。这些野生大豆资源中蕴藏着品质好、抗性强、丰产性好等一大批优异基因型,为世界大豆界所瞩目。野生大豆资源的搜集不仅为大豆品种的遗传改良提供了新的基因来源,同时也为大豆起源、演化及分类等研究提供了丰富的研究素材。因此,中国野生大豆研究具有重要的学术价值和实践意义。近年来,我国野生大豆的研究取得了重要的进展。
Glycine soja is a marginal ancestor of cultivated soybean (G. max), with a geographical distribution limited to eastern Asia including Russia, Japan, North Korea and China. In 1978, Jilin Academy of Agricultural Sciences pioneered the study of wild soybeans throughout the country, collecting 800 copies of resources and arousing great repercussions in China’s soybean industry. From 1979 to 1980, China conducted a national study on wild soybean resources and collected more than 5,000 resources from 25 provinces and autonomous regions. So far, it has collected more than 6000 wild soybean resources, accounting for more than 90% of the world total. These wild soybean resources contain a large number of excellent genotypes with good quality, strong resistance and high yield, attracting the attention of the world’s soybean industry. The collection of wild soybean resources not only provided a new source of gene for the genetic improvement of soybean varieties, but also provided abundant research materials for the research on the origin, evolution and classification of soybean. Therefore, the research on Chinese wild soybean has important academic value and practical significance. In recent years, the research of wild soybean in China has made important progress.