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为研究细胞凋亡与艾滋病两者之间的关系及探讨艾滋病的发病机理，采用细胞ＤＮＡ片段特异性标记法及免疫组织化学方法对艾滋病病人及对照组病人脑组织中的凋亡细胞及ＨＩＶ核心蛋白Ｐ２４（ＨＩＶ－Ｐ２４）进行原位检测。观察组２３例艾滋病病人，其中有８例合并艾滋病脑病，另１５例无脑病。８例（８／８）艾滋病脑病的脑组织标本及１３例（１３／１５）无脑病艾滋病脑组织标本中均可检出凋亡细胞及ＨＩＶ－Ｐ２４。对照组１９例非艾滋病病人，仅３例（３／１９）脑组织中可检出凋亡细胞。无脑病艾滋病病人的脑组织凋亡细胞阳性率（８６．７％）高于ＨＩＶ－Ｐ２４的阳性率（６０．０％），并且艾滋病人神经原细胞ＨＩＶ－Ｐ２４阳性率较低。实验结果揭示艾滋病脑病的发生与细胞凋亡具有一定的关系，ＨＩＶ可能通过某些中间环节而诱导神经组织发生细胞凋亡。
In order to study the relationship between apoptosis and AIDS, and to explore the pathogenesis of AIDS, the cell DNA fragment-specific labeling method and immunohistochemistry were used to detect the apoptotic cells in the brain tissue of patients with AIDS and controls and HIV core Protein P24 (HIV-P24) was tested in situ. In the observation group, 23 cases of AIDS patients, including 8 cases with AIDS encephalopathy, the other 15 cases without encephalopathy. Apoptotic cells and HIV-P24 were detected in 8 (8/8) brain samples of AIDS encephalopathy and in 13 (13/15) brain disease-free AIDS samples. In the control group, 19 cases of non-AIDS patients, only 3 cases (3/19) of apoptotic cells were detected in the brain tissue. The positive rate of apoptotic cells (86.7%) in brain tissue of AIDS-free patients was higher than that of HIV-P24 (60.0%), and the positive rate of HIV-P24 in AIDS patients was lower. The experimental results revealed that the occurrence of AIDS encephalopathy has a certain relationship with apoptosis, and HIV may induce apoptosis of nerve tissue through some intermediate links.