文中介绍了苏联内燃机车牵引电机的换向器和电刷装置的常见故障、产生原因和消除方法。当前,我国在内燃机车电机运用、修理和制造方面,已积累了不少经验。在交流国内经验的同时,批判地吸收国外的经验,对牵引电机运用、修理和制造质量的提高,会有一些参考作用。 This paper introduces the common faults of the commutator and brush unit of the Soviet diesel locomotive traction motor, causes and solutions. At present, our country has accumulated a lot of experience in the use, repair and manufacture of diesel locomotive motors. While exchanging domestic experiences, we should critically absorb foreign experience and have some reference to the improvement of traction motor utilization, repair and manufacturing quality.