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英语中,我们可以用多种方式来表达请求许可、提出建议或是征求对方的意见。下面我们就来一起学习一下“请求许可”与“提出建议”在英语中的一些常见的表达方式。
一、may表示“许可、准许、请求许可”,此时与can同义,可以互换使用。例如:
May/ Can I come in? 我可以进来吗?
You may/ can go to the cinema this evening. 你今晚可以去看电影。
【温馨提示】对方许可时, 其答语可以用Yes, you may. 但由于用may作肯定回答,语气显得生硬、严肃,因而一般常用Yes, please./ Certainly./ Of course.等。这些肯定答语显得热情、客气。例如:
—May I use your sharpener?——我可以用你的卷笔刀吗?
—Certainly. Here you are. ——当然可以,给你。
若对方拒绝时,其答语可以用No, you may not./ No, you mustn’t./ No, you can’t.或Sorry, you can’t./ No, please don’t.等较委婉、客气的说法。例如:
—May I go out for a walk after supper, Mum?——妈妈,我晚饭后可以出去散步吗?
—No, you can’t. ——不,你不可以。
—May I watch TV on Sunday evening?——我可以在星期天晚上看电视吗?
—No, you mustn’t. ——不,你星期天晚上不准看电视。
二、can/ could表示请求和许可时,意为“可以”,这一用法中,can和could均表示现在,但在语气上could比can委婉、客气。句式Can (Could) I/ We...?常用来表示要求或允许;句式Can (Could) you...?常用来表示请求。例如:
Can you come here for a minute, please? 请你到这儿来一下,好吗?
Could you tell me the way to the post office? 请告诉我去邮局的路,好吗?
Could you give me a cup of tea? 请给我一杯茶喝,好吗?
【温馨提示】could表示请求时主要用于疑问句中,答语中不能用could。其应答语是肯定的,通常可以说Certainly./ Of course./ With pleasure.等;若应答语是否定的可以说I’m sorry I can’t./ No, I’m afraid not.等。例如:
—Could you help me carry the new books to the classroom?——请你帮我把新书搬到教室里去好吗?
—Certainly. ——当然可以。
—Could you lend me your pen? ——我可以借用你的钢笔吗?
—Yes, you can./ —No, you can’t. ——可以。/——不行。
三、“Let’s 动词原形”表示提出建议或征求对方意见。例如:
Let’s ask our teacher for the question.这个问题我们去问问老师吧!
Let’s go skating after school.我们放学后去溜冰吧!
【温馨提示】这一句式的否定式可用Let’s not...或Don’t let us...。例如:
Let’s not watch TV now. 咱们现在别看电视吧!
Don’t let us do it again. 别再让我们重复做了吧!
let’s是let us的缩写形式,一般情况下两者可以互换,但略有区别:let’s 的“我们”包括说话人和听话人双方,而let us不包括听话人在内。例如:
Let’s go to the movies, shall we? 咱们去看电影好吗?
Let us sing the English song, will you? 我们一起唱这首英文歌曲好吗?
四、“Shall we/ I 动词原形”表示建议。例如:
Shall we go to the zoo to see the animals? 我们去动物园看动物好吗?
Shall I cook English food for you? 我给你做英国饭菜如何?
【温馨提示】回答“Shall we/ I...?”句型时,若同意用“Good idea!”或“All right!”或“OK!”等;若不同意则说“No, let’s...”或 “Sorry.”等。例如:
—Shall we have dinner by six?——我们六点前吃晚饭怎么样?
—Good idea!——好主意。
—Shall we go to the supermarket now?——咱们现在去超市购物怎么样?
—Sorry!I’m too busy. ——对不起,我实在太忙了。
五、“Why don’t you(we)/ Why not 动词原形”表示建议。例如:
Why don’t you give some flowers to your girlfriend?
=Why not give some flowers to your girlfriend?为啥不送一些花给你的女朋友呢?
Why not go there with him?
=Why don’t you go there with him?你为什么不和他一起去那儿?
六、“had better 动词原形”表示建议。例如:
She’d better take some medicine. 她最好吃点药。
You’d better put on your sweater, it’s cold outside. 你最好穿上你的毛衣,外面很冷。
【温馨提示】had better中的had并非指过去,而是指现在或将来,通用于各人称,在人你代词后常缩略为’d。had better的否定式是had better not,而不是hadn’t better。疑问式是将had提前,而不用助动词did。had better的反意部分用had,不用did 或would。例如:
You’d better not be late for the meeting tomorrow. 你最好明天开会不要迟到。
Had we better go to the station to meet your mother? 我们最好去车站接你母亲吗?
You’d better leave here at once, hadn’t you? 你最好马上离开这儿,好不好?
七、“What/ How about 名词/代词或v.ing?”表示建议。例如:
What about coming across the road for a snack? 到马路对面去吃点心好吗?
How about playing basketball now? 现在打打篮球怎样?
What about another cup of tea? 再来杯茶好吗?
八、“Would you like 名词或不定式”表示建议。例如:
Would you like to make a plan for your trip? 你想制定一个旅行计划吗?
Would you like to help me with my English? 你帮助我学习英语行吗?
Would you like a cup of coffee? 喝杯咖啡好吗?
【温馨提示】这一句式的肯定答语有“Yes, please./ Yes, I’d like/ love to./All right./ OK.;否定答语有“No, thanks, I’d like.../ I’m afraid not.”等。例如:
—Would you like to have a bottle of milk?——你想喝一杯牛奶吗?
—No, thanks. I’d like to have a cup of tea. ——不,谢谢。我想喝杯茶。
—Would you like a pear?——你想吃个梨子吗?
—Yes, please.——很想,请给我拿一个。
Would you like...?可用Would you please 动词原形 ...?代替,语气更委婉、礼貌。例如:
Would you like to go to see my grandfather with me?
=Would you please go to see my grandfather with me? 你和我一起去看望我爷爷好吗?
这一句式一般不接动词-ing形式。例如:
误:Would you like playing computer games this evening?
正:Would you like to play computer games this evening?
今天晚上你想玩电脑游戏吗?
九、“祈使句 OK?”表示建议。例如:
Just stay at home and wait for me. OK?待在家中等我,好吗?
Read after me. OK? 跟我读,好吗?
十、Will you...?表示委婉地建议或请求。例如:
Will you go to the Great Wall with us tomorrow morning? 明天上午你和我们一起去长城好吗?
Will you tell me where the nearest bank is? 你告诉我最近的银行在哪里好吗?
【学以致用】
1. —Why not go to Lao She Teahouse tonight?
—______. (2013年天津市)
A. It doesn’t matter B. Thank you
C. Sorry to hear that D. Sounds great
2. —Would you like to go out to play basketball with me?
—______, but I should finish my homework first. (2013年广东省梅州市)
A. It’s hard to say B. You’re welcome
C. I’d love to D. You’re right
3. —Can I park my car here, sir?
—__________. You see, there’s much traffic here.(2013年湖北省十堰市)
A. Never mind B. You’d better not
C. Of course not D. Yes, please
4. —Would you like some dumplings for lunch?
—_____. I’m full. (2013年黑龙江省齐齐哈尔市)
A. Yes, please B. Sure, I’d love to
C. No, thanks
5. —Daddy, can you come home for supper with us this weekend?
—_____, but I might be a little late. (2013年重庆市)
A. I’m busy B. Hard to say
C. Of course D. Never mind
6. —It’s a nice day, isn’t it?
—Yes. _____ going hiking and relax ourselves? (2013年四川省凉山彝族自治州)
A. Why not B. Why don’t
C. What about
7. —Could I borrow your camera?
—________, but please give it back by Saturday. (2013年湖北省黄冈市)
A. I am sorry B. Of course
C. Certainly not D. No, thanks
8. —May I ask you some questions?
—Sure, ___________. (2013年福建省泉州市)
A. go ahead B. it’s a secret
C. it’s hard to say
9. You’d better ________ here ________ the heavy rain. (2013黑龙江省绥化市)
A. not to leave; because B. not leave; because
C. not leave; because of
10. —It’s sunny today. Let’s go mountain climbing, ______?
—Good idea!(2012年湖北省恩施土家族苗族自治州)
A. shall we B. will you
C. won’t you
Keys: DCBCC CBACA
一、may表示“许可、准许、请求许可”,此时与can同义,可以互换使用。例如:
May/ Can I come in? 我可以进来吗?
You may/ can go to the cinema this evening. 你今晚可以去看电影。
【温馨提示】对方许可时, 其答语可以用Yes, you may. 但由于用may作肯定回答,语气显得生硬、严肃,因而一般常用Yes, please./ Certainly./ Of course.等。这些肯定答语显得热情、客气。例如:
—May I use your sharpener?——我可以用你的卷笔刀吗?
—Certainly. Here you are. ——当然可以,给你。
若对方拒绝时,其答语可以用No, you may not./ No, you mustn’t./ No, you can’t.或Sorry, you can’t./ No, please don’t.等较委婉、客气的说法。例如:
—May I go out for a walk after supper, Mum?——妈妈,我晚饭后可以出去散步吗?
—No, you can’t. ——不,你不可以。
—May I watch TV on Sunday evening?——我可以在星期天晚上看电视吗?
—No, you mustn’t. ——不,你星期天晚上不准看电视。
二、can/ could表示请求和许可时,意为“可以”,这一用法中,can和could均表示现在,但在语气上could比can委婉、客气。句式Can (Could) I/ We...?常用来表示要求或允许;句式Can (Could) you...?常用来表示请求。例如:
Can you come here for a minute, please? 请你到这儿来一下,好吗?
Could you tell me the way to the post office? 请告诉我去邮局的路,好吗?
Could you give me a cup of tea? 请给我一杯茶喝,好吗?
【温馨提示】could表示请求时主要用于疑问句中,答语中不能用could。其应答语是肯定的,通常可以说Certainly./ Of course./ With pleasure.等;若应答语是否定的可以说I’m sorry I can’t./ No, I’m afraid not.等。例如:
—Could you help me carry the new books to the classroom?——请你帮我把新书搬到教室里去好吗?
—Certainly. ——当然可以。
—Could you lend me your pen? ——我可以借用你的钢笔吗?
—Yes, you can./ —No, you can’t. ——可以。/——不行。
三、“Let’s 动词原形”表示提出建议或征求对方意见。例如:
Let’s ask our teacher for the question.这个问题我们去问问老师吧!
Let’s go skating after school.我们放学后去溜冰吧!
【温馨提示】这一句式的否定式可用Let’s not...或Don’t let us...。例如:
Let’s not watch TV now. 咱们现在别看电视吧!
Don’t let us do it again. 别再让我们重复做了吧!
let’s是let us的缩写形式,一般情况下两者可以互换,但略有区别:let’s 的“我们”包括说话人和听话人双方,而let us不包括听话人在内。例如:
Let’s go to the movies, shall we? 咱们去看电影好吗?
Let us sing the English song, will you? 我们一起唱这首英文歌曲好吗?
四、“Shall we/ I 动词原形”表示建议。例如:
Shall we go to the zoo to see the animals? 我们去动物园看动物好吗?
Shall I cook English food for you? 我给你做英国饭菜如何?
【温馨提示】回答“Shall we/ I...?”句型时,若同意用“Good idea!”或“All right!”或“OK!”等;若不同意则说“No, let’s...”或 “Sorry.”等。例如:
—Shall we have dinner by six?——我们六点前吃晚饭怎么样?
—Good idea!——好主意。
—Shall we go to the supermarket now?——咱们现在去超市购物怎么样?
—Sorry!I’m too busy. ——对不起,我实在太忙了。
五、“Why don’t you(we)/ Why not 动词原形”表示建议。例如:
Why don’t you give some flowers to your girlfriend?
=Why not give some flowers to your girlfriend?为啥不送一些花给你的女朋友呢?
Why not go there with him?
=Why don’t you go there with him?你为什么不和他一起去那儿?
六、“had better 动词原形”表示建议。例如:
She’d better take some medicine. 她最好吃点药。
You’d better put on your sweater, it’s cold outside. 你最好穿上你的毛衣,外面很冷。
【温馨提示】had better中的had并非指过去,而是指现在或将来,通用于各人称,在人你代词后常缩略为’d。had better的否定式是had better not,而不是hadn’t better。疑问式是将had提前,而不用助动词did。had better的反意部分用had,不用did 或would。例如:
You’d better not be late for the meeting tomorrow. 你最好明天开会不要迟到。
Had we better go to the station to meet your mother? 我们最好去车站接你母亲吗?
You’d better leave here at once, hadn’t you? 你最好马上离开这儿,好不好?
七、“What/ How about 名词/代词或v.ing?”表示建议。例如:
What about coming across the road for a snack? 到马路对面去吃点心好吗?
How about playing basketball now? 现在打打篮球怎样?
What about another cup of tea? 再来杯茶好吗?
八、“Would you like 名词或不定式”表示建议。例如:
Would you like to make a plan for your trip? 你想制定一个旅行计划吗?
Would you like to help me with my English? 你帮助我学习英语行吗?
Would you like a cup of coffee? 喝杯咖啡好吗?
【温馨提示】这一句式的肯定答语有“Yes, please./ Yes, I’d like/ love to./All right./ OK.;否定答语有“No, thanks, I’d like.../ I’m afraid not.”等。例如:
—Would you like to have a bottle of milk?——你想喝一杯牛奶吗?
—No, thanks. I’d like to have a cup of tea. ——不,谢谢。我想喝杯茶。
—Would you like a pear?——你想吃个梨子吗?
—Yes, please.——很想,请给我拿一个。
Would you like...?可用Would you please 动词原形 ...?代替,语气更委婉、礼貌。例如:
Would you like to go to see my grandfather with me?
=Would you please go to see my grandfather with me? 你和我一起去看望我爷爷好吗?
这一句式一般不接动词-ing形式。例如:
误:Would you like playing computer games this evening?
正:Would you like to play computer games this evening?
今天晚上你想玩电脑游戏吗?
九、“祈使句 OK?”表示建议。例如:
Just stay at home and wait for me. OK?待在家中等我,好吗?
Read after me. OK? 跟我读,好吗?
十、Will you...?表示委婉地建议或请求。例如:
Will you go to the Great Wall with us tomorrow morning? 明天上午你和我们一起去长城好吗?
Will you tell me where the nearest bank is? 你告诉我最近的银行在哪里好吗?
【学以致用】
1. —Why not go to Lao She Teahouse tonight?
—______. (2013年天津市)
A. It doesn’t matter B. Thank you
C. Sorry to hear that D. Sounds great
2. —Would you like to go out to play basketball with me?
—______, but I should finish my homework first. (2013年广东省梅州市)
A. It’s hard to say B. You’re welcome
C. I’d love to D. You’re right
3. —Can I park my car here, sir?
—__________. You see, there’s much traffic here.(2013年湖北省十堰市)
A. Never mind B. You’d better not
C. Of course not D. Yes, please
4. —Would you like some dumplings for lunch?
—_____. I’m full. (2013年黑龙江省齐齐哈尔市)
A. Yes, please B. Sure, I’d love to
C. No, thanks
5. —Daddy, can you come home for supper with us this weekend?
—_____, but I might be a little late. (2013年重庆市)
A. I’m busy B. Hard to say
C. Of course D. Never mind
6. —It’s a nice day, isn’t it?
—Yes. _____ going hiking and relax ourselves? (2013年四川省凉山彝族自治州)
A. Why not B. Why don’t
C. What about
7. —Could I borrow your camera?
—________, but please give it back by Saturday. (2013年湖北省黄冈市)
A. I am sorry B. Of course
C. Certainly not D. No, thanks
8. —May I ask you some questions?
—Sure, ___________. (2013年福建省泉州市)
A. go ahead B. it’s a secret
C. it’s hard to say
9. You’d better ________ here ________ the heavy rain. (2013黑龙江省绥化市)
A. not to leave; because B. not leave; because
C. not leave; because of
10. —It’s sunny today. Let’s go mountain climbing, ______?
—Good idea!(2012年湖北省恩施土家族苗族自治州)
A. shall we B. will you
C. won’t you
Keys: DCBCC CBACA