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切斯特、欧文、巴拉德是西方现代管理理论中社会系统学派的创始人。他在1938年出版的《经理人员的职能》一书,被誉为美国现代管理科学的经典著作。巴拉德首次运用社会系统方法对组织和管理问题进行了研究。他不仅提出了对正式组织的分析,而且还提出了对非正式组织的分析,还用效率和效力的两分法把正式组织的要求同个人的需要结合起来。他关于权威的理论、对有道德的领导的号召,对正式组织普遍要素的确定,以及对非正式组织的论述,都是对演变中的管理思想的卓越贡献。
Chester, Irving, and Ballard are the founding fathers of the sociological school of Western modern management theory. His 1938 book, Functions of Executives, was hailed as the classic of modern management science in the United States. For the first time, Ballard conducted a study of organizational and management issues using the social system approach. Not only did he propose an analysis of formal organizations, but he also proposed an analysis of informal organizations and also used the dichotomy of efficiency and effectiveness to combine the requirements of formal organizations with the needs of individuals. His doctrine of authority, his call to ethical leadership, the determination of the universal elements of formal organization, and his account of informal organizations are all remarkable contributions to the evolving management philosophy.