本文回顾了７０年代到９０年代新、老小麦品种比较研究的结果，对世界大多产麦国本世纪小麦产量育种方面的进展进行了分析，系统阐明了世界小麦育种在产量及产量性状方面的演变。首次以相对论观，点明确了小麦新、老品种的概念，指出了小麦产量演进过程中的品种效应和栽培管理效应，提出了一些对小麦育种栽培有重要意义的观点。关键词 This paper reviews the results of a comparative study of new and old wheat varieties from the 1970s to the 1990s and analyzes the progress of wheat breeding in the world in this century. The evolution of the world’s wheat breeding in terms of yield and yield is systematically clarified . For the first time, the concept of relativity was used to clarify the concept of new and old varieties of wheat. The effects of variety and cultivation management during the evolution of wheat yield were pointed out. Some opinions on the importance of wheat breeding were put forward. Key words