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目的探讨结构方程模型在外来劳务工心理健康研究中的应用,为外来劳务工心理健康教育工作指明重点方向。方法采取多阶段分层抽样的方法对深圳市宝安区1 716名外来劳务工进行症状自评量表(SCL-90)及一般情况的问卷调查,对调查数据进行结构方程模型拟合。结果结构方程模型分析结果表明,在反映心理状况的9个因子中,标准化路径系数从大到小前5位的分别是焦虑、抑郁、人际关系敏感、精神病性及强迫。外来劳务工的生活经历、健康感知及家庭背景对心理状况的标准化路径系数分别为-0.165、0.506、-0.059,均具有统计学意义(均有P<0.05)。拟合模型的2值与自由度(df)的比值为4.331,均方根的迈似误差(RMSEA)=0.044,拟合优度指数(GFI)=0.967,修正的拟合优度指数(AGFI)=0.954、比较拟合指数(CFI)=0.974、标准拟合指数(NFI)=0.967。结论外来劳务工心理健康的结构方程模型拟合效果较好,外来劳务工的生活经历、健康感知及家庭背景是其心理健康的主要影响因素。
Objective To explore the application of structural equation model in the study of mental health of migrant workers, and to point out the key direction for the mental health education of migrant workers. Methods A multi-stage stratified sampling method was used to conduct a questionnaire survey on 1 716 migrant workers in Bao’an District of Shenzhen City using the symptom check list (SCL-90) and the general situation questionnaire. The survey data were fitted to the structural equation model. Results The results of structural equation modeling showed that among the 9 factors reflecting the psychological status, the standardized path coefficients from the top five to the top five were anxiety, depression, interpersonal sensitivity, psychosis and coercion. The standardized path coefficients of living experience, health perception and family background on psychological status of migrant workers were -0.165, 0.506 and -0.059, respectively (all P <0.05). The ratio of the 2 value to the degree of freedom (df) of the fitting model was 4.331, RMSEA = 0.044, GFI = 0.967, and the modified goodness-of-fit index AGFI) = 0.954, CFI = 0.974, and NFI = 0.967. Conclusion The structure equation model of mental health of migrant workers is better fitted. The living experience, health perception and family background of migrant workers are the main influencing factors of their mental health.