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火柴头是一年生单子叶恶性杂草 ,具有地上和地下茎同时开花结实的特殊习性。研究表明 ,地上和地下部分种子产生的植株体细胞染色体核型相同 ,中期染色体平均长 10 μ ,体细胞染色体核型由两对随体染色体(染色体 5和 9)、4对中部着丝点 (染色体 1,3,8,11)和 5对亚中部着丝点染色体组成 (染色体 2 ,4 ,6 ,7,10 ) ,属对称型。核型公式为 2n =2 2 =4m +5sm +2st。核糖体基因 (4 5S)位于两对随体染色体的核仁组织区 ,杂交信号在两对染色体上的程度不同 ,表明了该基因的拷贝数在位点间有差别 ,并明确证实地下种子是正常自花受精的结果。本文对利用核糖体基因作为分子标记 ,通过原位杂交进行植物染色体的识别和染色体的进化进行了讨论。
Matchsticks is an annual annual monocotyledonous weed that has the peculiar habits of blooming on the ground and underground stems at the same time. The results showed that the somatic cell chromosomes of the plants produced above and below ground were of the same karyotype. The average number of metaphase chromosomes was 10 μ. The somatic cell karyotype consisted of two pairs of satellite chromosomes (chromosomes 5 and 9) and 4 pairs of central centromere Chromosomes 1, 3, 8, 11) and 5 pairs of sub-centromeric chromosomes (chromosomes 2, 4, 6, 7, 10) are symmetrical. The karyotype formula is 2n = 2 2 = 4m + 5sm + 2st. The ribosomal gene (45S) is located in the nucleolar organizer region of two pairs of satellite chromosomes and the degree of hybridization signal on the two chromosomes is different, indicating that there is a difference in the copy number of the gene between sites and clearly confirming that the underground seeds are Normal self-fertilization results. In this paper, the use of ribosomal gene as a molecular marker, by in situ hybridization of plant chromosomes and chromosome evolution were discussed.