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利用5大杂种优势群的10个优良玉米自交系,按Griffing双列杂交设计配成正反交90个杂交组合,分别在河南省的南阳、郑州和浚县3个地点随机区组试验,用MARX-I型近红外品质分析仪测定子粒和秸秆蛋白质含量并进行统计分析。结果表明:各组合子粒、秸秆蛋白质含量的高低不仅取决于遗传背景,同时受环境条件的显著影响。子粒蛋白存在基因型与环境的显著互作效应,地点间子粒蛋白含量表现北高南低趋势(浚县>郑州>南阳),秸秆蛋白与其相反(南阳>郑州>浚县)。子粒、秸秆蛋白质含量分别排在前5位的组合中,80%来源于不同优势类群自交系间杂交,自交系E28和8085是可利用的高蛋白质种质资源。子粒、秸秆的蛋白质含量分别表现负向和正向杂种优势,平均优势率分别为-1.76%和27.03%,但两者变异性均较大,组合间变幅分别为-18.56%~21.24%和-12.78%~95.30%。相关分析表明,子粒与秸秆蛋白质含量相关不显著(r=0.0224)。因此,通过基因重组,在广泛遗传变异中选择子粒和秸秆蛋白含量较高的组合是可能的。
Ten elite maize inbred lines of five major heterosis groups were used to make 90 cross combinations of reciprocal crosses according to Griffing double-line hybridization design. Randomized block trials were conducted in three sites of Nanyang, Zhengzhou and Xunxian in Henan Province, The MARX-I near-infrared quality analyzer was used to determine the protein content of grain and straw and statistical analysis. The results showed that the content of protein and protein in each combination of grain and straw was not only determined by the genetic background but also significantly influenced by the environmental conditions. There was a significant interaction between genotypes and environment in grain protein. The content of grain protein in different sites showed the trend of North Gaonan low (Junxian> Zhengzhou> Nanyang) and the opposite of straw protein (Nanyang> Zhengzhou> Junxian). In the top five combinations of grain and straw protein, 80% originated from the inbred lines of different dominant groups. Inbred lines E28 and 8085 were the available high-protein germplasm resources. The protein content of grain and straw showed negative and positive heterosis respectively, with the average superiority rates of -1.76% and 27.03%, respectively, but the variability of both was larger with the amplitude of -18.56% ~ 21.24% and - 12.78% ~ 95.30%. Correlation analysis showed that the correlation between grain and straw protein content was not significant (r = 0.0224). Therefore, by recombination of genes, it is possible to select a combination of a higher content of grain and straw protein in a wide range of genetic variations.