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乳腺癌来源于局部乳腺发育异常。从癌前病变发育成恶性肿瘤进而转移是多步骤过程。有效控制乳腺癌的关键在于识别并治疗早期病变。在大多数情况下诊断恶性肿瘤及其转移灶并不难,但最理想的是在病变转变为恶性前能确诊并予以治疗。遗憾的是对乳癌的癌前病变知之不多。此外,尚未发现早期乳腺癌病变中存在有意义的抗原或形态学标志。最近几年发现一些癌基因与啮齿类及人类乳腺肿瘤有联系。
Breast cancer originates from local breast abnormalities. The progression from precancerous lesions to malignant tumors and subsequent metastasis is a multi-step process. The key to effective breast cancer control is the identification and treatment of early lesions. In most cases, it is not difficult to diagnose malignant tumors and metastases, but ideally, they can be diagnosed and treated before the lesions turn malignant. Unfortunately, little is known about precancerous lesions of breast cancer. In addition, no significant antigen or morphological markers have been found in early breast cancer lesions. In recent years, some oncogenes have been linked to rodent and human breast tumors.