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伊格尔顿和齐泽克的意识形态理论是审美意识形态问题域中两种具有代表性的主张,并且形成一种对照与呼应的关系。他们都吸收了阿尔都塞的意识形态理论,并从现代美学理论资源中得到援助,发现了阿尔都塞的主体质询观与康德对审美经验的描述之间存在着对应关系。伊格尔顿主要是从“美”的概念出发,而齐泽克则借助“崇高”范畴来阐释意识形态,一方面揭示现代意识形态是如何更多地通过操控人们身体、欲望、感性经验以及行为方式来运作,创造性地发展了马克思主义的意识形态理论;另一方面扩展和丰富了审美、美、崇高等范畴,将它们纳入心理学、政治学和文化研究等话语中探讨。审美意识形态归根到底是一个美学与政治和伦理的关系问题,对这个问题的深入讨论,对消除长久以来认识、美学、伦理三个领域分立所带来的消极影响是大有裨益的。
The ideological theories of Eagleton and Zizek are two representative ideas in the field of aesthetic ideology, and form a kind of contrast and echoes. All of them absorbed Althusser’s ideological theory and received assistance from the resources of modern aesthetics theory. They found that there was a correspondence between Althusser’s main concept of opinion and Kant’s description of aesthetic experience. Eagleton mainly started from the concept of “beauty ”, and Zizek explained the ideology by means of “sublime ” category. On the one hand, it reveals how the modern ideology can control people’s body and desire more , Perceptual experience and behavioral methods, creatively developed Marxist ideological theory; on the other hand, it expanded and enriched the categories of aesthetics, beauty and loftiness, and brought them into discourses such as psychology, political science and cultural studies . In the final analysis, the aesthetic ideology is a question of the relationship between aesthetics and politics and ethics. An in-depth discussion on this issue will be of great help to eliminate the negative impact of the separation between understanding, aesthetics and ethics.