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目的分析毛细支气管炎发展为哮喘的高危因素。方法采用回顾性研究和临床随访的方法,选取280例住院治疗的毛细支气管炎患儿为研究对象。其中男207例,女73例。就患儿性别,是否进行大剂量静脉用免疫球蛋白(IVIG)治疗、是否按时接种卡介苗(BCG)、喂养方式、特应性体质和哮喘家族史等调查和分析。结果毛细支气管炎患儿280例发展为哮喘82例,发生率为29.29%,显著高于国内城区普查数据(0.12%~3.34%)。大剂量IVIG组,按时接种BCG组,无特应性体质患儿,无哮喘家族史患儿及母乳喂养儿哮喘发生率均显著低于非大剂量IVIG组,未按时接种BCG组,特应性体质患儿、哮喘家族史患儿及非母乳喂养儿(P<0.01)。结论毛细支气管炎患儿具有特应性体质和哮喘家族史是哮喘发生、发展的高危因素,而接受大剂量IVIG治疗,及时接种BCG及母乳喂养对哮喘发生有保护作用。
Objective To analyze the risk factors for the development of bronchiolitis to asthma. Methods A retrospective and clinical follow-up method was used to select 280 hospitalized children with bronchiolitis as study subjects. There were 207 males and 73 females. Investigations and analyzes were conducted on the sex of the patient, whether high-dose intravenous immunoglobulin (IVIG) was administered, whether BCG was on schedule, mode of feeding, family history of atopy, and family history of asthma. Results 280 cases of bronchiolitis developed asthma in 82 cases, the incidence was 29.29%, significantly higher than the domestic census data (0.12% ~ 3.34%). High-dose IVIG group, on-time BCG inoculation group, children with no atopic constitution, asthmatic children without family history of asthma and breastfeeding children with asthma incidence was significantly lower than non-large dose of IVIG group, BCG group was not on time, atopic Children with physical constitution, family history of asthma and non-breastfeeding children (P <0.01). Conclusions Children with bronchiolitis have atopic family history and family history of asthma as risk factors for the development and progression of asthma. However, receiving large doses of IVIG and timely inoculation of BCG and breastfeeding may have a protective effect on asthma.