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用干细胞转录因子OCT4、SOX2、c-MYC和KLF4进行体细胞重编程产生具有胚胎干细胞特性的诱导多能干细胞(iPS细胞)是干细胞研究领域的突破性进展。近年来,iPS细胞的研究从产生方法、重编程机理及实际应用方面不断取得进展。由于iPS细胞的产生可取自体细胞,因而克服了胚胎干细胞应用的伦理学和免疫排斥等缺陷,为iPS细胞的临床应用开辟了广阔的前景。该文将对iPS细胞的产生方法、重编程机理及其在神经性退行性疾病的研究与应用进行文献综述,反映近几年iPS细胞最新研究成果,并阐述了用病人iPS细胞模型探讨帕金森氏病、老年性痴呆症、脊髓侧索硬化症、脊髓肌肉萎缩症及舞蹈症等5种常见神经性退行性疾病发病机理的研究现状。
Somatic cell reprogramming with stem cell transcription factors OCT4, SOX2, c-MYC and KLF4 to generate induced pluripotent stem cells (iPS cells) with embryonic stem cell properties is a breakthrough in stem cell research. In recent years, research on iPS cells has made continuous progress in terms of production method, reprogramming mechanism and practical application. As iPS cells can be derived from somatic cells, they overcome the defects of ethical and immunological rejection of embryonic stem cells and open up broad prospects for the clinical application of iPS cells. This article reviews the generation methods of iPS cells, reprogramming mechanism and their applications in the research and application of neurodegenerative diseases, reflecting the latest research results of iPS cells in recent years and expounds the use of iPS cell model of patients with Parkinson’s S disease, Alzheimer’s disease, spinal cord sclerosis, spinal muscular atrophy and chorea five kinds of common neurodegenerative diseases, the pathogenesis of research.