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众所周知,海洋占整个地球表面的三分之二,如此浩瀚的“水世界”不能不对人类活动产生巨大的影响。自古以来,了解海洋、征服海洋和开发海洋是人类的宿愿。但由于当时社会生产力和技术水平的限制,人类对海洋的开发利用主要还限于传统的海洋捕捞、制盐和海上运输。只是到二十世纪六十年代以后,随着社会生产力的迅速发展,加之世界人口的激增和陆地资源的消耗,人们才转向海洋资源的全面开发。现代海洋开发已包括海底石油开采、海水养殖、海底采矿、海洋能源开发以及海水综合利用等新兴产业。可以预料,随着对海洋资源开发利用能力的不断增长,人类未来几乎可从海洋获得陆地上所能获得的一切。海洋经济在我国国民经济中同样会占有越来越重要的地位,一个开发利用海洋的高潮必将迅速到来。
As we all know, the oceans account for two-thirds of the entire surface of the earth, so the vast “water world” can not but have a tremendous impact on human activities. Since ancient times, understanding the oceans, conquering the oceans and developing the sea are the aspirations of mankind. However, due to the limited social productivity and technical level at that time, the development and utilization of mankind for the ocean were mainly confined to traditional marine fishing, salt production and maritime transportation. Only by the 1960s, with the rapid development of social productive forces, coupled with the surge of the world’s population and the depletion of land resources, people turned to the full development of marine resources. Modern marine development has included emerging industries such as seabed oil exploration, mariculture, seabed mining, ocean energy development and comprehensive utilization of seawater. It can be expected that as the ability to exploit and utilize marine resources grows, it is almost certain that the future of mankind can obtain everything on the land from the sea. The marine economy will also occupy an increasingly important position in the national economy of our country and a climax of exploitation and utilization of the sea will surely come to an end soon.