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目的分析14 560例新生儿听力筛查结果。方法采用快速脑干诱发电位(AABR)对2014年7月-2016年6月在某院出生的48~72 h新生儿14 560例进行听力筛查。初筛未通过者,于出生第30~42 d进行复筛;复筛仍未通过者,于3月龄进行听力诊断性检查。分析新生儿听力初筛通过率、复筛通过率和听力损失患病率,描述高危新生儿听力损失的高危因素。结果 14 560例新生儿听力初筛通过率为92.00%(13 395/14 560),复筛通过率为83.35%(971/1 165),听力损失患病率为0.24%(35/14 560)。适龄产妇的新生儿听力初筛、复筛的未通过率和听力损失患病率低于高龄产妇(P<0.01)。高危新生儿听力初筛、复筛的未通过率和听力损失患病率高于正常新生儿(P<0.01)。新生儿听力损伤的主要高危因素有:听力障碍家族史、其母孕期使用耳毒性药物、2种及以上高危因素,NICU住院≥5 d等。结论加强孕期管理,及时处理妊娠和分娩异常情况,加强对有听力损失高危因素的新生儿早期诊断与干预,有利于降低少新生儿听力损失患病率。
Objective To analyze 14 560 neonatal hearing screening results. Methods Fasting brainstem response (AABR) was used to screen 14 560 newborns at 48-72 h in a hospital from July 2014 to June 2016. Screening fails, at 30 to 42 births for re-screening; re-screening has not yet passed, at 3 months of age for diagnostic hearing tests. Analysis of neonatal hearing screening rate, screening screening rate and hearing loss prevalence, high-risk neonatal hearing loss risk factors. Results The hearing screening rate of 14 560 neonates was 92.00% (13 395/14 560), the rate of re-screening was 83.35% (971/1 165) and the prevalence of hearing loss was 0.24% (35/14 560) . Age-appropriate maternal newborn hearing screening, re-screening of the non-passing rate and hearing loss prevalence was lower than the older mothers (P <0.01). High-risk neonatal hearing screening, re-screening failed and hearing loss prevalence higher than normal newborns (P <0.01). The main risk factors for neonatal hearing impairment are: family history of hearing impairment, use of ototoxic drugs in their first trimester, risk factors of two or more, NICD hospitalization ≥5 d, etc. Conclusion Strengthening pregnancy management, timely treatment of abnormal pregnancy and childbirth, and strengthening the early diagnosis and intervention of neonates with high risk of hearing loss are beneficial to reduce the prevalence of hearing loss in infants.