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目的了解贫困地区小学生饮食营养相关影响因素现状,为进一步加强营养相关援助提供基线资料。方法在广西和云南各选取1个国家级贫困县,对9所小学全体学生共1 868名及其家长进行问卷调查。结果 83.81%的家庭认为已经或基本解决温饱问题。家庭每月用于购买食物的费用为263.37元,恩格尔系数为0.51±0.24。79.40%的家庭每天只吃两餐。学校均设有食堂为学生提供午餐和晚餐,每餐一般控制在1.2～3.0元。受调查地区小学生的营养知识及格率仅为10.61%,81.8%的学生“从来不吃”或“很少吃”鸡蛋。92.9%的学生平均每月零花钱有(26.91±34.83)元。24.25%的学生每天都吃零食。结论贫困地区学生温饱问题已经解决,但学生营养知识匮乏。应对学生进行营养宣教,养成良好的饮食习惯,使政府的营养改善计划取得更好的实效。
Objective To understand the current status of dietary nutrition-related factors affecting pupils in impoverished areas and to provide baseline information for further enhancing nutrition-related assistance. Methods One national poverty-stricken counties in Guangxi and Yunnan were selected. A total of 1,868 students from 9 primary schools and their parents were surveyed. Results 83.81% of the families considered that they had or basically solved the problem of food and clothing. Families spent $ 263.37 a month on food purchases and families with an Engel’s coefficient of 0.51 ± 0.24.79.40% ate only two meals a day. Schools are equipped with canteen lunch and dinner for students, each meal is generally controlled at 1.2 to 3.0 yuan. The passing rate of nutritional knowledge among pupils in the surveyed area was only 10.61%, 81.8% of the students never eat or rarely eat eggs. 92.9% of students have an average monthly pocket money of (26.91 ± 34.83) yuan. 24.25% of students eat snacks everyday. Conclusion The problem of food and clothing for students in poor areas has been solved, but there is a lack of knowledge of students’ nutrition. Students should be educated in nutrition to develop good eating habits and make the government’s nutrition improvement plan more effective.