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航空气象学中,低空风切变通常是指发生在近地面600m高度以下的平均风矢量在空间两点之间的差值。目前,国际航空和气象界均已公认低空风切变是飞机起飞和进近着陆阶段的一个危险因素,它严重危害航空活动安全。危及飞行安全的低空风切变具有时间短、尺度小、强度大、发生突然等特点,给探测、预报、管制、飞行造成很大困难,要避免受它的影响是一个世界性的难题。1997年5月,咸阳机场发生两次飞机遭遇风切变的现象,本文选其中一例进行分析,旨在学习探讨低空风切变的机制,提高预报技能,确保飞行安全。
In aeronautical meteorology, low-level wind shear usually refers to the difference between two points in the space of an average wind vector occurring below a height of 600 m near the ground surface. At present, the international aviation and meteorological community has recognized that low-level windshear is a risk factor for the take-off and landing phases of aircraft, which seriously jeopardizes the safety of aviation activities. Low-altitude wind shear that endangers flight safety has such characteristics as short time, small scale, high intensity and sudden occurrence. It has great difficulties in detecting, forecasting, controlling and flying. It is a worldwide problem to avoid being affected by it. In May 1997, two aircraft suffered from wind shear at Xianyang Airport. This paper selects one of the cases for analysis and aims to learn about the mechanism of low-level wind shear, improve forecast skills and ensure flight safety.