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采用经典统计学和地统计学方法,对玛纳斯河流域绿洲0～70 cm土层土壤水分的空间异质性及其影响因子进行研究。结果表明:各层土壤水分均符合正态分布。从变异系数看,均属于中等变异,变异系数介于0.293～0.371,其中表层水分变异程度最高,达到0.371;0～10 cm,10～20 cm,20～30 cm和30～50 cm的土壤水分半方差模型为指数模型,50～70 cm层为高斯模型,拟合效果均较好,但块金效应明显,受结构性和随机性因素的共同作用,具有中度相关性,各层的空间自相关距离在40.2～489 km。Kriging插值结果表明,各层土壤水分的分布格局相似,表现为条带状和斑块状分布,土壤水分的空间分布受地形和农业种植的影响较大。由相关分析可知,相对高程与土壤水分呈正相关,并对表层土壤水分影响显著。在不同坡度等级下,各层的土壤平均含水量随土壤深度增加而增加。通过比较农田与盐碱地的土壤水分变化,发现2种土地的土壤水分均表现出随土壤深度增长型。0～30cm层农田水分大于盐碱地,而30 cm以下则相反。
Using the methods of classical statistics and geostatistics, the spatial heterogeneity of soil moisture and its influencing factors in the 0 ~ 70 cm soil layer in the Manas River basin were studied. The results show that the soil moisture in each layer is in normal distribution. From the variation coefficient, they all belonged to the medium variation with the coefficient of variation ranging from 0.293 to 0.371, with the highest degree of surface water variation, reaching 0.371. Soil moisture of 0-10 cm, 10-20 cm, 20-30 cm and 30-50 cm The semivariance model is an exponential model. The 50-70 cm layer is a Gaussian model, and the fitting effect is good. However, the nugget effect is obvious. Due to the combination of structural and random factors, it has a moderate correlation. The space of each layer The autocorrelation distance is 40.2 ~ 489 km. The results of Kriging interpolation show that the distribution patterns of soil moisture in each layer are similar, showing the distribution of bands and patches. The spatial distribution of soil moisture is greatly affected by the topography and agricultural planting. The correlation analysis shows that the relative elevation is positively correlated with soil moisture, and has a significant impact on the surface soil moisture. At different slope grades, the average soil water content of all layers increased with soil depth. By comparing the changes of soil moisture in farmland and saline-alkali land, it was found that the soil moisture of the two kinds of soil showed an increasing pattern with soil depth. 0 ~ 30cm layer of farmland water is more than saline, while 30cm the following is the opposite.