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19世纪的地方政府改革是大势所趋,改革初期涉及地方政府改革的三大立法最为关键。通过持续不断的司法改革,英国建立起统一有序的现代司法体制。现代警察的出现降低了治安法官的作用,乡绅对农村的统治随之削弱。19世纪末,英国确立了中央政府、地方政府和警察局局长三位一体的领导体制。英国地方行政改革、有关法律和法规的改革热潮以及警察制度的建立,本质就是从制度上要求与现代的工业社会相适应。
The reform of local government in the 19th century was the trend of the times and the three most important laws concerning the reform of local government were the most important in the early stage of reform. Through continuous judicial reform, the United Kingdom has established a unified and orderly modern judicial system. The emergence of modern police has reduced the role of magistrates and the squire’s erosion of rural rule has weakened. At the end of the 19th century, Britain established the trinity leadership system of the central government, local government and police chief. The reform of the local administration in the United Kingdom, the upsurges of laws and regulations, and the establishment of the police system are essentially institutional requirements that are compatible with the modern industrial society.