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本文将对法国、联邦德国、日本、瑞典、英国和美国的科技政策和战略以及他们各自的优势作一比较分析,包括历史背景、研究与开发的关系、协调机制、效益评价、不足之处及近期内的变化;还将提供关于各国科研单位、经费来源、工作特点和目标、与企业的协作、科技人员的雇聘及各学科研究水平的数据。这些分析和比较将有助于了解各种战略的优势和不足,从而择其优者作为借鉴。
This article will provide a comparative analysis of the science and technology policies and strategies of France, the Federal Republic of Germany, Japan, Sweden, the United Kingdom and the United States and their respective advantages, including historical background, the relationship between research and development, coordination mechanism, effectiveness evaluation, inadequacies and Recent changes will also provide data on scientific research units, sources of funding, job characteristics and objectives, collaboration with enterprises, employment of scientific and technical personnel and research levels in various disciplines. These analyzes and comparisons will help to understand the strengths and weaknesses of various strategies and thus choose their best.