《福玛·高尔杰耶夫》是高尔基的第一部长篇小说.它写于一八九九年,在这部作品里,高尔基以卓越的艺术技巧,不仅描绘了当时俄国的社会现实,刻划了各种各样真实的资产阶级商人形象,而且在书中塑造了一个血肉丰富的资产阶级叛逆者形象.从而暴露了资产阶级在其发展中的内部分化现象,揭示了资产阶级必然灭亡的命运.十九世纪末,俄国的资本主义有了进一步的发展.他看到了资本主义制度的腐朽及其必然走向灭亡的命运.尤其是他以《尼日戈罗德》小报记者身份参观了一八九六年在诺夫戈罗德举行的全俄博览会,有了更多深入观察商人生活的机会.高尔基曾回忆说:“关于巨商们的情况.使我了解最多的是一八九六年.这一年中,全俄博览会在尼日尼—诺夫戈罗德开幕,工商业大会也在这里举行……,我在这里看到过那些全俄罗斯大工业的代表人物,听到过他们同大地主们的激烈争吵”.在参加搏览会和工商业大会期间,高尔基亲眼看到工商阶级怎样用卑鄙手段充实和壮大了自己.同时,他也发现了另一种现象:在许多资产阶级家庭里.常常发生子女自杀或离家出走的事情,也常有儿子背叛老子.终被赶出家门.变为酒鬼,潦倒终生.高尔基以无产阶级的艺术眼光,观察到了资产阶级这种种没落腐败现象,发现了这个阶级的致命伤.他的《福玛·高尔杰耶夫》真 Foma Galgorjev, Gorky’s first novel, was written in 1899. In this work, Gorky used excellent artistic techniques to portray not only the social reality of Russia at that time, Characterizing all kinds of real bourgeois businesspeople and shaping a flesh-and-blood bourgeois rebel image in the book, exposing the internal differentiation of the bourgeoisie in its development and revealing the inevitable demise of the bourgeoisie At the end of the nineteenth century, Russia’s capitalism developed further.He saw the decadentness of the capitalist system and his destiny destined to perish.Especially when he visited as a journalist of Niger Gorod tabloid There was more opportunity for an in-depth look into the lives of businessmen in the all-Russia exposition held in Veliky Novgorod in 1996. Gorky once recalled: “What I learned most about the giant merchants was that in 1896 During the year, the All-Russia expo opened in Nizhniy Novgorod and the assembly of business and industry was held here ... I have seen here representatives of all the big Russian industries heard of them In a fierce quarrel with the landowners, ”Gorky saw with his own eyes how the chamber of commerce was savagely augmented and augmented during his pomp and business meetings, and at the same time he discovered another phenomenon: in many bourgeois families Where children often commit suicide or run away from home and often have their children betrayed by Lao Tzu and eventually have been driven out of their homes and become drunkards and despair for the rest of their lives Gorky observed the decay and corruption of the bourgeoisie with a proletarian artistic vision , Discovered the fatal wound of this class, his “Foma Gorgiev” really