现行用于听力重建的材料大体可分为四类,即自体移植物(autograft)、同种异体移植物(homograft)、同基因型移植物(isograft)及异种移植物(xenograft)。自体移植系同一个体不同部位的移植。在听力重建术中用自体听骨、耳屏软骨、颞筋膜、软骨膜及耳道带蒂皮瓣等作为移植物。由于受体能识别移植抗原是自身的,故不会产生免疫排斥反应,因此,移植后移植物多能长期存活,缺点是材料来源有限,对机体造成额外创伤,增加病人痛苦,在处理慢性中耳炎的困难病例方面的效果不好。同基因型移植系在相同基因型的不同个体之间的移植,如同卵双生者之间或纯种动物之间的移植。由于供体的移植抗原与受体的抗原完全相同,故这类移植在遗传免疫学 Currently available materials for hearing reconstruction can generally be divided into four categories, namely autograft, homograft, isograft and xenograft. Autologous transplantation of the same body in different parts of the transplant. In the reconstruction of hearing using autologous carcass, tragus cartilage, temporal fascia, perichondrial and pedicle flap pedicle flap as a graft. Because the recipient can recognize the transplant antigen itself, it will not produce immune rejection. Therefore, the transplant graft can long-term survival after transplantation, the disadvantage is the limited source of the material, causing additional trauma to the body, increasing patient pain, in the treatment of chronic otitis media The effect of difficult cases is not good. Transplantation of the same genotype transplants between different individuals of the same genotype, such as between twins or between purebred animals. Since the donor’s transplant antigen is exactly the same as the recipient’s antigen, transplantation of this type in genetic immunology