论文部分内容阅读
对引起溶液反应与气相反应速率差异的因素进行了分析。指出大量溶剂分子的存在,并不会导致反应物分子之间的碰撞频率大幅度降低。除影响反应物活度和起催化作用之外,溶剂化和微观粘度是影响溶液反应速率的主要因素。微观粘度的影响可正可负,可能存在“负粘度”效应。基于简单碰撞理论和过渡态理论,给出了溶液反应速率公式的一般形式,可以综合活化能和微观粘度的影响。该方法可以比较合理地解释一些实验现象。
The factors causing the difference between solution reaction and gas phase reaction rate were analyzed. Pointed out that a large number of solvent molecules exist, and will not lead to a substantial reduction in the frequency of collisions between reactant molecules. In addition to affecting the activity of the reactants and acting as a catalyst, solvation and microviscosity are the major factors affecting the rate of solution reaction. The effects of micro-viscosity can be positive or negative, there may be “negative viscosity ” effect. Based on the simple collision theory and transition state theory, the general form of solution reaction rate formula is given, which can be combined with the influence of activation energy and microscopic viscosity. This method can explain some experimental phenomena more reasonably.