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长期以来,拉美地区是世界上收入分配最不公平的地区之一,但从21世纪初起,这一地区收入分配不公的状况得到明显改善。本文在全面考察这一地区近10年来收入分配状况的基础上,认为这种状况得到明显改善的原因有三点:一是劳动力市场的流动性得到进一步改善,使一部分低收入者的劳动收入水平得到相应提高;二是社会支出中社会保障和社会福利的支出增长较快,使非劳动收入成为一些贫困家庭的一个重要经济来源;三是女性受教育水平的提高降低了生育率,从而既减轻了家庭负担,又提升了经济活动的参与能力并增加了家庭收入。
For a long time, Latin America was one of the most unequal distribution of income in the world. However, the situation of unfair income distribution in this region has been significantly improved since the beginning of the 21st century. Based on a comprehensive review of the income distribution in the past 10 years in this area, this article finds that there are three reasons for this situation to be significantly improved. First, the liquidity in the labor market is further improved so that the labor income of some low-income earners The corresponding increase; Second, social spending in social security and social welfare spending increased rapidly, so that non-labor income has become an important source of income for some poor families; Third, women’s educational level has lowered the fertility rate, thereby reducing the Household burdens also increase the ability to participate in economic activities and increase household income.