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目的:了解低出生体重儿发生的相关因素及母儿的影响,为妇婴保健部门制订相应的预防对策提供参考。方法:选择2002年1月～2012年12月期间493例低出生体重儿为低出生体重儿组,选择11 817例正常体重儿为对照组,统计每例低出生体重儿临床证实相关因素、孕周、来自区域及母体孕期保健次数,随访并记录所有新生儿及母体围产期及出生后6个月内并发症。结果:低出生体重儿各相关因素构成比依次为:多胎(101/493)、高龄(98/493)、早产(84/493)、营养不良(79/493)、脐带因素(51/493)、新生儿窒息(46/493)、初孕(34/493)。农村低出生体重儿构成比显著高于城市(P<0.05)。孕期保健≥7次低出生体重儿构成比显著低于孕期保健<7次者(P<0.05)。孕周≥37周低出生体重儿构成比显著低于孕周<37周的低出生体重儿(P<0.05)。低出生体重组新生儿并发症发生率为5.7%,显著高于对照组的0.8%(P<0.05)。低出生体重组母体并发症发生率为29.2%,显著高于对照组的5.2%(P<0.05)。结论:低出生体重儿主要相关因素为多胎、高龄、早产及营养不良等,这些因素会增加母体及新生儿并发症,应加强上述相关因素的预防保健工作。
OBJECTIVE: To understand the related factors of low birth weight infants and the influence of maternal and childbirth, and to provide reference for the maternal and child health department to formulate corresponding preventive measures. Methods: From January 2002 to December 2012, 493 cases of low birth weight infants were selected as the low birth weight infants, and 11 817 normal infants were selected as the control group. The relevant factors of each low birth weight infants clinically confirmed, Week, from the number of regional and maternal health care, follow-up and record all newborns and maternal perinatal and post-natal complications within 6 months. Results: The constituent ratios of low birth weight children were as follows: multiple births (101/493), old age (98/493), premature birth (84/493), malnutrition (79/493), umbilical cord factors (51/493) , Neonatal asphyxia (46/493), first trimester (34/493). The composition ratio of rural low birth weight children was significantly higher than that of urban areas (P <0.05). The constituent ratio of ≥7 low birth weight infants during pregnancy was significantly lower than that of 7 healthy pregnant women (P <0.05). The gestational age ≥37 weeks of low birth weight infants was significantly lower than gestational age <37 weeks of low birth weight infants (P <0.05). The incidence of neonatal complications in the low birth weight group was 5.7%, significantly higher than that in the control group (0.8%, P <0.05). The incidence of maternal complications in the low birth weight group was 29.2%, significantly higher than that in the control group (5.2%, P <0.05). Conclusion: The main related factors of low birth weight children are multiple births, advanced age, premature birth and malnutrition, which may increase maternal and neonatal complications. The prevention and care of these related factors should be strengthened.