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该文主要研究适于中国北方半湿润偏旱区一年两作保护性耕作的技术模式。介绍了在“杨凌农业机械化保护性耕作新技术新机具试验示范园地“建立的小麦玉米一年两作区10种不同机械化保护性耕作的模式、试验方案以及自主研制开发的配套机具的性能;将不同模式与传统犁耕作业模式进行了对比试验与分析研究。结果表明:小麦生长全程秸秆粉碎还田、麦收后玉米免耕播种作业模式与传统犁耕无秸秆覆盖相比,小麦增产53%,玉米增产25%,土壤蓄水量增加1%~1.2%,各类保护性耕作模式土壤有机质平均增加1.03 g/kg。另外,深松作业增产节水效果优于深耕作业;前茬小麦高留茬玉米免耕播种效果优于低留茬的玉米免耕播种。经济分析还表明,由于作物增产并降低了机械作业成本,保护性耕作技术模式的经济效益明显优于传统犁耕作业。
This paper mainly studies the technical mode suitable for conservation tillage in semi-humid and dry areas in northern China. Introduced in the ”Yangling agricultural mechanization of conservation tillage and new technology demonstration farmland" established wheat and maize year for two areas 10 kinds of mechanized conservation tillage models, test programs and independent research and development of the performance of ancillary equipment; The different modes and the traditional plowing operation mode were tested and analyzed. The results showed that the whole wheat straw growth was crushed and returned to field. Compared with the conventional plowing and no straw mulching, the yield of wheat increased by 53%, that of corn by 25% and that of soil by 1% -1.2% Soil organic matter of all kinds of conservation tillage increased 1.03 g / kg on average. In addition, subsoiling operation increased water-saving effect is better than deep-plowing operations; no-tillage corn stubble wheat sowing before planting better than low-stubble maize no-tillage sowing. Economic analysis also shows that the economic benefits of the conservation tillage model are significantly better than those of conventional plowing operations, due to higher crop yields and lower costs of mechanical operations.