一近年来，医疗费用的上涨，成为社会发展面临的巨大挑战，无论发达国家，还是发展中国家，都被这一问题所困扰。其共性的原因有四点：一是疾病谱的变化，肿瘤、心脑血管疾病、糖尿病等耗资大、病程长的疾病的发病率呈上升趋势；二是人口老龄化速度加快，而老年人人均耗费... In recent years, the rising cost of medical care has become a tremendous challenge to social development. Both the developed countries and the developing countries are plagued by this issue. There are four reasons for its commonality: one is the change of disease spectrum, and the incidence of diseases such as cancer, cardio-cerebrovascular disease and diabetes which are costly and have a long course of disease is on the rise; the second reason is that population aging is accelerating while that of the elderly Both cost ...