发行股票、债券是企业直接融资的有效方式,也是企业财务管理研究的重点内容之一。本讲对上市公司的财务约束、企业发行股票和债券的一般管理、股权增减变动的财务管理、企业资本财务结构优化等作些介绍。一、上市公司的财务约束目前国内一些企业误以为上市公司是自由企业,企业只要一上市就无人管制了。其实不然,所谓上市公 Issuing stocks and bonds is an effective way for companies to directly finance, and it is also one of the key contents of corporate financial management research. This presentation describes the financial constraints of listed companies, the general management of corporate stocks and bonds, the financial management of changes in shareholdings, and the optimization of corporate capital and financial structure. I. Financial Constraints of Listed Companies At present, some domestic companies have mistakenly thought that listed companies are free companies. As long as the companies are listed, they are not controlled. In fact, the so-called public listing