借助于因子分析法,把16个提型杂种小麦的8个主要农艺性状分成受4个独立公因子制约的4个性状群。被确定并命名的4个公因子是:f_1,籽粒生产力因子,它由穗粒数、恢复度、千粒重构成;f_2,营养生长势因子,由穗长、抽穗期、株高构成;f_3、f_4均由一个性状构成,分别叫作小穗数因子和有效穗数因子。受同一个因子制约的性状的全体称之为因子群,文中建议在育种过程中按因子群进行性状选择。试验结果的分析表明,因子分析法是处理多种性状,确定数目较少的起立导作用的因子的一种有用方法,文中介绍了因子分析法的统计学原理和具体计算步骤 。 By means of factor analysis, the eight main agronomic traits of 16 hybrid wheat varieties were divided into 4 trait groups controlled by 4 independent common factors. The four common factors identified and named are: f_1, the factor of grain productivity, which is composed of the number of grains per spike, the degree of restoration, and the grain weight of thousand; f_2, the factor of vegetative growth, consisting of spike length, heading date and plant height; f_3, f_4 They are composed of a trait called the spikelet number and the effective panicle number respectively. The traits constrained by the same factor are all called factor groups, and the article suggests selecting traits by factor group during the breeding process. The analysis of the test results shows that the factor analysis is a useful method to deal with a variety of traits and identify a small number of factors that lead to take the lead role. In this paper, the statistical principles and specific calculation steps of the factor analysis method are introduced.