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磁性复合材料主要包括磁性碳复合材料、磁性聚合物复合材料和磁性金属复合材料等,它们在食品、环境和生物分析等领域具有广泛的应用。作为磁性复合材料的核心部分,磁性纳米粒子(MNPs)具有超顺磁性、高比表面积、化学稳定性和重复利用性等特点,被大量运用于各类磁性复合材料的制备。由于磁性复合材料的多孔性、高吸附能力以及快速分离等特点,MNPs已被广泛应用于生物大分子、小分子和金属离子等的分离分析。本文重点介绍了一些典型的磁性复合材料,并综述了其在包括蛋白质、核酸、染料、农药、多环芳烃、金属离子以及其他污染物等分离分析中的最新研究,为磁性复合材料在分离分析领域的发展提供了理论依据和技术支撑。
Magnetic composites mainly include magnetic carbon composites, magnetic polymer composites and magnetic metal composites, which have wide applications in the field of food, environmental and biological analysis. As the core part of magnetic composites, magnetic nanoparticles (MNPs) are widely used in the preparation of various magnetic composites because of their characteristics of superparamagnetism, high specific surface area, chemical stability and reusability. MNPs have been widely used in the separation and analysis of biological macromolecules, small molecules and metal ions due to their porous nature, high adsorption capacity and rapid separation. In this paper, some typical magnetic composites are introduced in detail, and the latest research on the separation of proteins, nucleic acids, dyes, pesticides, polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons, metal ions and other pollutants is reviewed. The development of the field provides a theoretical basis and technical support.