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目的:探讨电子垃圾拆解区铅、镉的宫内暴露对新生儿出生体质量、胎龄的影响。方法:石墨炉原子吸收光谱法检测贵屿镇及汕头市第三人民医院妇产科(对照组)261名新生儿胎盘中铅、镉浓度;以及相关影响因素问卷的调查。结果:贵屿镇新生儿胎盘铅浓度中位数为399.9ng/g,镉96.6ng/g;对照组为421.0ng/g和20.9ng/g;胎盘中铅、镉浓度与胎龄成正相关;胎盘中镉浓度与新生儿出生体质量负相关;胎盘中镉浓度与母亲怀孕期间住所是否同时为工作场所、厨房燃料和豆乳制品消耗相关。结论:电子垃圾拆解区铅、镉宫内暴露会增加新生儿的胎龄,镉的宫内暴露会减轻新生儿的出生体质量,表明宫内铅、镉暴露会影响胎儿的生长发育。
Objective: To investigate the effects of intrauterine exposure of lead and cadmium on birth weight and gestational age of newborns in e-waste dismantling area. Methods: Graphite furnace atomic absorption spectrometry was used to detect the concentrations of lead and cadmium in 261 placenta of gynecology and obstetrics of Guiyu and Shantou No.3 People’s Hospital (control group), and the related influencing factors were investigated. Results: The median neonatal placenta lead concentration in Guiyu was 399.9 ng / g and 96.6 ng / g of cadmium, while the control group was 421.0 ng / g and 20.9 ng / g. The concentrations of lead and cadmium in placenta were positively correlated with gestational age. The concentration of cadmium in the placenta is negatively correlated with the birth weight of the newborn; whether the concentration of cadmium in the placenta is related to the domicile of the mother during pregnancy is related to the consumption of kitchen fuel and soy milk products. Conclusion: Intrauterine exposure of lead and cadmium in e-waste disassembly area will increase the gestational age of newborns. Intrauterine exposure of cadmium will reduce the birth weight of newborns, indicating that intrauterine lead and cadmium exposure will affect fetal growth and development.