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目的通过职业健康检查及问卷调查,探讨职业工人听力损失的影响因素。方法选择广西某火电厂1 012名作业工人为暴露组,根据工人噪声暴露情况及职业环境噪声监测结果分为低暴露组(297名)、中暴露组(306名)和高暴露组(409名),以广西某区261名非噪声职业人群为对照组,通过问卷调查收集工人基本信息及职业史,检查各组工人听力异常情况。采用SPSS 13.0统计软件对数据进行统计学分析。结果χ2检验结果显示,暴露组噪声强度水平显著高于对照组(P<0.01),各暴露组听力损伤率也显著高于对照组(P<0.01)。非条件logistic回归分析结果表明,性别、工龄、噪声暴露水平对暴露组工人听力损伤有影响(P<0.05)。结论性别及职业因素(工龄、噪声暴露水平)与火电厂工人听力损伤的升高有关联,应加强对该部分职业人群的职业监测与职业防护,采取有效的预防控制措施,降低职业性噪声接触工人听力损伤发病率。
Objective To investigate the influencing factors of occupational workers’ hearing loss through occupational health examination and questionnaire survey. Methods A total of 1 012 workers in a thermal power plant in Guangxi were selected as the exposure group. According to the noise exposure of workers and occupational noise monitoring results, they were divided into low exposure group (297), middle exposure group (306) and high exposure group (409 ) To 261 non-noise occupational groups in a certain area of Guangxi as a control group. Through questionnaire survey, workers’ basic information and occupational history were collected to check the abnormal hearing conditions of workers in each group. Data were analyzed statistically using SPSS 13.0 statistical software. Results The results of χ2 test showed that the noise level of the exposed group was significantly higher than that of the control group (P <0.01), and the hearing loss rate of each exposed group was significantly higher than that of the control group (P <0.01). Non-conditional logistic regression analysis showed that gender, length of service, and noise exposure had significant effects on hearing loss in exposed workers (P <0.05). Conclusion The gender and occupational factors (length of service, noise exposure level) are related to the increase of hearing impairment of workers in thermal power plants. Occupational monitoring and occupational protection should be strengthened for these occupational groups. Effective prevention and control measures should be taken to reduce occupational noise exposure Workers hearing loss incidence.