河蟹又叫毛蟹或螃蟹,学名为中华绒螯蟹Eriocheir sinensis H.Milne-Edwards。这种蟹在我国分布广泛,资源丰富,自古以来为名贵的水产品。由于取材方便,也适于作为甲壳动物教学中的代表动物。河蟹栖居在江河、湖泊的泥岸洞穴或水草丛中。白天隐蔽,夜间出来觅食。杂食性。由于植物性食物易得,蟹胃中主要为植物。但实际上更喜欢吃动物,如鱼、虾、螺、蚌、蠕虫、昆虫及其幼虫,对腐臭的动物尸体尤其感兴趣。河蟹平时虽生活在淡水中,但它们要回到河口咸淡水中去交配产卵。宋朝傅肱《蟹谱》中记载:“蟹至秋冬之交,即自江顺流而归诸海”。江浙人民也熟知“西风吹,蟹脚痒”。一般从10月起开始离开原来的生活场所,顺江而下进行生殖洄游。从寒露到霜降的洄游高峰期是捕蟹的旺季。为什么要进行生殖洄游呢?因为蟹类的祖先生活在海洋中,后来一部分种类逐渐向淡水 Crab, also known as hairy crab or crab, scientific name Eriocheir sinensis H. Milne-Edwards. This kind of crab is widely distributed in our country, rich in resources, since ancient times as a valuable aquatic products. Due to its convenient material, it is also suitable as a representative animal in crustacean teaching. Crabs live in rivers and lakes, caves or grasses. Concealed during the day, come out at night to feed. Omnivore. Due to the availability of plant foods, the main crab stomach plants. But in fact more like eating animals, such as fish, shrimp, snails, mussels, worms, insects and their larvae, especially for corrupt animal carcasses. Crabs usually live in freshwater, but they have to go back to the salt water in the estuary to mate to lay eggs. Song Fu Brachial “Crab” records: “Crab until the turn of autumn and winter, that is, since the flow of the river and return to the sea.” Jiangsu and Zhejiang people are also familiar with the “west wind blowing, crab itch.” Generally from October began to leave the original place of life, along the river and reproductive migration. The peak season for migratory crabs from frost to frost falls. Why migratory migration? Because the ancestors of crabs living in the ocean, and later part of the species gradually to fresh water