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一、国有困难企业现状剖析湖南现有国有企业总数4898个。大中型工业企业574个,占全省工业企业总数的2.3％,其中大型145个,中型429个。国有大中型企业主要分布在能源、电力、炼钢、采矿、石化、机械、电子、纺织、造纸、卷烟、食品及饲料加工等十几个行业。在国有企业中,困难企业数的比重约为33—48％。通过一年来的扭亏增盈工作,1995年底,困难企业数减少到下限值。其特点有三:一是亏损面起伏大,经常高出全国平均水平,1995年上半年实亏在50％左右,12月末又降到33.9％,最严重时,高出全国平均水平16个百分点;二是亏损额较大,1995年12月底止,湖南国有大中型企业亏损额虽然较
I. Status Quo of State-owned Difficult Enterprises There are 4,898 state-owned enterprises in Hunan. There are 574 large and medium-sized industrial enterprises, accounting for 2.3% of the total number of industrial enterprises in the province, of which 145 are large and 429 are medium-sized. Large and medium-sized state-owned enterprises are mainly distributed in more than a dozen industries such as energy, power, steel-making, mining, petrochemical, machinery, electronics, textiles, paper, cigarettes, food and feed processing. In the state-owned enterprises, the proportion of difficult enterprises is about 33-48%. Through the one-year profit-sharing increase, at the end of 1995, the number of difficult enterprises decreased to the lower limit. There are three characteristics: First, the loss surface is ups and downs, often higher than the national average level. In the first half of 1995, the actual loss was about 50%. At the end of December, it was reduced to 33.9%. At its worst, it was 16% higher than the national average. Second, the amount of losses was relatively large. At the end of December 1995, Hunan’s state-owned large and medium-