1961年4月12日,27岁的前苏联航天员尤里·加加林乘坐东方1号飞船,绕地球飞行108分钟后安全返回,开启了世界载人航天新纪元。前苏联/俄罗斯先后实施了东方号、上升号、联盟号、礼炮号、和平号空间站等载人飞行任务,美国也先后开展了水星、双子星、阿波罗、天空实验室、航天飞机等飞行计划。1998年起至今,美俄等16国联合进行国际空间站任务。我国载人航天工程从1992年正式启动,确定了 On April 12, 1961, the 27-year-old former Soviet Union astronaut Yuri Gagarin flew back to Earth with a 110-spacecraft and returned safely to open a new era of manned spacecraft in the world. The former Soviet Union / Russia successively implemented manned missions such as the Oriental Route, the ascent, the Soyuz, the Squadron and the Mir space station. The United States also successively carried out flight plans such as Mercury, Gemini, Apollo, Skylab, and Space Shuttle . Since 1998, the 16 nations such as the United States and Russia have jointly conducted the mission of the International Space Station. China’s manned space project officially started in 1992, identified