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评定压力容器破断事故为脆性破裂或为延性(塑性)破裂,除可应用宏观分析之外,近年来又运用了电镜技术对断口进行微观分析。本文根据一些破断实例和Π11管子的爆破试验证实,韧性材料的容器会因缺陷而引起低应力脆性破坏,其断口起爆处则为微孔聚集机制的断裂。因此,本文认为,容器破断的评定应根据破断时的宏观变形程度,而不是根据微观的断裂机制。同时提出脆性破断的判据为P_f≤P_y,即爆破压力P_f低于或等于无缺陷容器整体屈服压力P_y者为脆性破断。
In addition to macroscopic analysis, in recent years, electron microscopy has been applied to the microscopic analysis of fracture. In this paper, some broken examples and Π11 tube blasting tests confirmed that the container of ductile material due to defects caused by low-stress brittle failure, fracture initiation at the micro-pore aggregation mechanism of the fracture. Therefore, this paper argues that the assessment of container rupture should be based on the degree of macroscopic deformation at break, rather than on microscopic fracture mechanisms. At the same time, the criterion of brittle fracture is P_f≤P_y, that is, the burst pressure P_f is lower than or equal to the overall yield pressure P_y of the defect-free container, which is brittle fracture.