[卢梭]法国启蒙思想家,资产阶级激进民主主义者,古典自然法学派的主要代表。他的哲学和社会政治思想,特别是他的人民主权学说,大大超过同时代其他的启蒙思想家,对法国以及整个欧洲思想界产生巨大的影响。最著名的论著有《社会契约论》和《论人类不平等的起源和基础》。他主张国家主权只能属于人民,法律是共同意志的体现,认为人民丧失原始的自由,只是由于政府滥用权力,而不是由 [Rousseau] French enlightenment thinkers, radical bourgeois democrats, and representatives of classical natural law schools. His philosophical and socio-political thinking, especially his doctrine of popular sovereignty, greatly exceeded that of other enlightenment thinkers of the same age and exerted a tremendous influence on France and the entire European intellectual community. The most famous works are “social contract theory” and “on the origin and basis of human inequality.” He argued that state sovereignty can only belong to the people and that the law is the embodiment of the common will, that the people should lose their original freedom only because the government abuses power instead of