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【目的】研究花生属异源多倍化过程中基因组变化行为,揭示花生属多倍体进化的分子机制。【方法】采用SCoT标记对四倍体栽培种仲恺花4号和二倍体野生种A.chacoensis的种间杂种F1及早期多倍体世代(S0—S3)基因组变化时间、类型和频率进行分析。【结果】18条SCoT引物共扩增出126个位点,其中多态性位点117个,多态性比率达92.86%,在供试材料中检测出了丰富的DNA多态性;与扩增出的109条亲本条带比较,F1—S3分别丢失亲本条带28、30、10、11和10条,其中,来自父本特异性条带为16、12、7、9和9条,各自新增条带9、3、10、14和8条,说明SCoT产物早在Fl即开始发生变化,变化类型包括亲本条带的丢失、跳跃式继承和新条带的产生,在丢失的亲本条带中以父本条带为主。【结论】ATG翻译起始位点及其侧翼区域在花生种间杂交异源多倍化早期迅速发生广泛而剧烈的变化,其生物学功能可能与多倍体的进化和稳定有关;SCoT标记作为一种简单、有效和实用的新型功能型分子标记技术,可以为花生属及其它物种多倍体进化中基因组遗传变化研究提供技术支持。
【Objective】 The objective of this study was to investigate the genomic changes during the alloplasmic transformation of peanut and reveal the molecular mechanism of polyploid evolution. 【Method】 The SCoT markers were used to analyze the time, type and frequency of interspecific hybrid F1 and early polyploid generation (S0-S3) genomes of tetraploid cultivar Zhongkaihua 4 and diploid wild A.chacoensis . 【Result】 A total of 126 SSR loci were amplified by 18 SCoT primers, of which 117 were polymorphic. The polymorphism rate was 92.86%. A large number of DNA polymorphisms were detected in the tested materials. Compared with 109 parental bands, F1-S3 lost 28, 30, 10, 11 and 10 parental bands respectively, of which 16, 12, 7, 9 and 9 were from male parental bands, The new bands 9, 3, 10, 14 and 8 were added to show that the SCoT products began to change as early as F1. The types of changes include the loss of the parental band, the inheritance of leaping and the generation of new bands. This strip is dominated by the paternal strip. 【Conclusion】 ATG translation initiation sites and their flanking regions rapidly and extensively changed rapidly at the early stage of allopolyploidization of interspecific hybridization and their biological functions may be related to the evolution and stability of polyploidy. A simple, effective and practical new type of functional molecular marker technology can provide technical support for the study of genomic genetic changes in polyploid evolution of peanut and other species.