“一切科学上的伟大发现,都是从精确测量开始的.”这是英国著名科学家瑞利(如图1)的名言.瑞利是注重严格定量研究的科学家,他的作风极为严谨,对研究结果要求极为准确.这成为他在科学领域上获得许多重大成就的基础.气体密度的测量是实验室中的一项常规工作,可是瑞利却没有放过实验数据中细微的差异,有了重大的发现 “All the great discoveries in science begin with precise measurement. ” This is the famous quote from Rayleigh, a famous British scientist (Figure 1). Rayleigh is a scientist focusing on strict quantitative research. His style is extremely rigorous, The results are extremely accurate and this has been the basis for many of his major achievements in the field of science.Measurement of gas density is a routine work in the laboratory but Rayleigh did not miss subtle differences in experimental data, A major discovery