本文将恩格斯在19世纪90年代关于“历史唯物主义”的书信以及1895年为马克思的《1848年至1850年的法兰西阶级斗争》所写的导言置于上个世纪末波谲云诡的政治环境中,历史地考察了学界围绕恩格斯之所谓“修正主义”而产生的种种争论。本文认为恩格斯对革命的信心从来没有动摇,转变政治策略只是为了推动当时德国社会民主党的平稳发展而采取的明智手段。因此,仅将恩格斯定位为“修正主义”并视之为单纯的理论问题显然是错误的。 This article puts Engels’s preface to the “Historical Materialism” in the 1890s and Marx’s “Class Struggle in France from 1848 to 1850” in 1895 at the end of the last century: Environment, historically examined the various controversies that the academic circles have centered on Engels’s so-called “revisionism.” This article holds that Engels’s confidence in the revolution has never been shaken. Changing political tactics is only a wise measure to promote the smooth development of German Social-Democrats. Therefore, it is obviously wrong to locate Engels solely as “revisionism” and treat it as a purely theoretical issue.