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波罗的海本体的富营养化已导致水质的破坏,这一点已得到例如夏季黄金假期中蓝藻细菌的大量繁殖以及深水中严重缺氧等的证实。通过减少磷(P)的供应量持续改善水质将需要几十年时间才能充分生效,原因是储存在流域土壤中,水体中以及波罗的海本体海底沉积物中的磷量很大。本文表明,利用大规模的生态工程方法有可能在几年内实现水质的大辐度改善。过去几十年中,波罗的海本体中天然变化已经证实如何能够实现水质的迅速改善。本文描述了波罗的海本体磷、有机质以及氧的基本动力学。文章还简要地讨论了旨在使波罗的海本体从富营养化影响中恢复的不同种类的生态工程方法的利弊。初步的计算表明,如果每秒向深水上部供应100kg氧,那么,几年内磷含量可能会减半。这将需要100个泵站,每个泵站从约50向125m的深度每秒输送100m~3富氧的所谓冬季水被作为浮动急流释放。每个泵站需要0.6MW的动力供应。海上风力发电技术似乎已成熟到足以提供泵站所需的动力。在约125m的深度安装100个风力发电泵站(每个泵站的动力为0.6MW)的成本约为2亿欧元。
The eutrophication of the Baltic ontology has led to the destruction of water quality, as evidenced by, for example, the massive breeding of cyanobacteria in the summer gold holidays and the severe hypoxia in deep water. Continuing to improve water quality by reducing the supply of phosphorus (P) will take decades to fully effect, due to the large amount of phosphorus stored in watershed waters, sediments in the water and in the bulk of Baltic Sea’s bodies. This paper shows that it is possible to achieve large-scale improvement of water quality within a few years by using large-scale ecological engineering methods. Over the past few decades, the natural changes in the Baltic ontology have demonstrated how the rapid improvement of water quality can be achieved. This article describes the basic dynamics of Baltic phosphorus, organic matter, and oxygen. The article also briefly discusses the pros and cons of different kinds of ecologically-engineering approaches aimed at restoring the Baltic Sea ontology from eutrophication. Preliminary calculations show that if 100 kg oxygen is supplied to the upper part of the deep water per second, the phosphorus content may be halved in a few years. This would require 100 pumping stations, each of which will release as much as 100 m 3 oxygen-enriched so-called winter waters from about 50 to a depth of 125 m as a floating jet. Each pumping station needs a power supply of 0.6MW. Offshore wind power generation technology seems to have matured enough to provide the pumping station power. The cost of installing 100 wind power pumping stations at a depth of about 125 m (0.6 MW per pumping station) is about 200 million euros.