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由于内因的复杂性和独特性,由于外因的多变性,目前还没有,也不可能有一个完整的学说来解释所有疾病的内、外因之间的联系。致病因子可能通过下列途径引起机体的变化:1.引起染色体的畸变;2.引起细胞膜或浆的受体的敏感性改变;3.神经介质(如去甲肾上腺素、乙酰胆碱等)和激素水平的改变;4.体内生成过多的生物活性物质(如组织胺,5-羟色胺,缓激肽);5.酶活性的改变;6.细胞结构功能的改变;7.异常蛋白的毒性作用;8.氧和二氧化碳分压的改变,氢离子浓度的改变;9.凝血因子的激活和消耗;10.抗原抗体复合物的沉着;11.神经反射。上述种种改变,最终可以导致人体内体液的质和量的改变及细胞代谢的改变,从而引起一系列机能形态结构的异常变化,促成疾病的发生。
Due to the complexity and uniqueness of internal factors, due to the variability of external factors, there is not yet a complete doctrine to explain the connection between internal and external causes of all diseases. Pathogenic factors may cause changes in the body through: 1. aberrations that cause chromosomes; 2. changes in the sensitivity of receptors that cause cell membranes or plasma; 3. neuronal mediators (such as norepinephrine, acetylcholine, etc.) and hormone levels 4. Changes in the body; 4. Excessive production of bioactive substances in vivo (such as histamine, serotonin, bradykinin); 5. Changes in enzyme activity; 6. Changes in cell structure and function; 7. Abnormal protein toxicity; 8. Changes in partial pressure of oxygen and carbon dioxide, changes in hydrogen ion concentration; 9. Activation and consumption of clotting factors; 10. Calmness of antigen-antibody complexes; 11. Nerve reflexes. All of these changes can eventually lead to changes in the quality and quantity of body fluids in the human body and changes in cellular metabolism, resulting in a series of abnormal changes in the morphological structure of the function and contributing to the occurrence of diseases.