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目的了解膳食因素对中学生体质量指数的影响,为开展中学膳食营养健康教育工作提供参考。方法选取唐山市南北两区各1所中学初中部和高中部,并根据年级分层抽取研究对象,共1 583名学生,进行有关生长发育和饮食行为因素调查、膳食摄入调查及体格测量,建立数据库后采用SPSS 13.0进行统计分析。结果男生超重率和肥胖率分别为19.7%和10.7%,女生分别为12.5%和7.6%。13岁男生超重率为23.8%,肥胖率为12.7%;女生超重率为14.8%,肥胖率为9.8%。14岁和15岁男女生间BMI分布差异均有统计学意义(χ2值分别为6.119,6.298,P值均<0.05)。能量、加餐、肉禽类、脂肪是中学生超重肥胖的危险因素(OR值分别为2.044,1.751,1.598,1.081,P值均<0.05);蔬菜是超重肥胖的保护因素(OR=0.711,P<0.05)。结论膳食行为和膳食摄入食物种类对中学生体质量指数的增高均有影响,需要进行调整改善。
Objective To understand the influence of dietary factors on the body mass index of middle school students and provide references for the health education of diet nutrition in middle schools. Methods A total of 1 583 students were selected from 1 middle school and one high school in the middle and high schools in the north and south of Tangshan City. A total of 1 583 students were selected to conduct surveys on growth and development, dietary behaviors, dietary intake and physical measurements. After the establishment of the database using SPSS 13.0 statistical analysis. Results Male overweight and obesity rates were 19.7% and 10.7%, girls were 12.5% and 7.6%. 13-year-old boys overweight rate was 23.8%, obesity rate was 12.7%; girls overweight rate of 14.8%, obesity rate of 9.8%. The distribution of BMI in both sexes aged 14 and 15 was statistically significant (χ2 = 6.119, 6.298, P <0.05). The risk factors of overweight and obesity in middle school students (OR = 2.044,1.751,1.598,1.081, P <0.05 respectively) were higher in energy, meal, meat and poultry, and fat than those in vegetables (OR = 0.711, P < 0.05). Conclusion Dietary behaviors and dietary intake of dietary products have an impact on the body mass index of middle school students and need to be adjusted and improved.